A reciprocating compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a driving unit providing torque; a compressing unit including a piston linearly reciprocating using the torque provided from the driving unit and a cylinder forming a compression space wherein a coolant sucked therein by the piston is compressed; a suction and discharge unit wherein a coolant supply hole for supplying the coolant to the cylinder and a coolant outlet for discharging the coolant compressed in the cylinder are formed; a gasket mounted in the suction and discharge unit and separately connected to the coolant supply hole and the coolant outlet; and multiple coupling protrusions formed in the cylinder or the suction and discharge unit and inserted into the gasket. The gasket is inserted into each of the multiple coupling protrusions and includes at least two improper assembly preventing holes in different shapes or sizes. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a reciprocating compressor having a structure capable of preventing the gasket from being improperly assembled.
