| 摘要 |
Provided is a charging member having sufficient charging capacity and being capable of evenly charging a photosensitive body without the need for a pre-exposure means, in a low-medium-high speed electrophotographic apparatus. Also provided are a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus capable of inhibiting the generation of multi-colour ghost images, or similar, and of stably forming high-quality electrophotographic images. A charging member comprising a substrate, an elastic layer and a surface layer, wherein the surface layer contains a macromolecular compound having an Si-O-Nb bond, said macromolecular compound having a structural unit represented by formula (1) and a structural unit represented by formula (2).
€ƒ€ƒ€ƒ€ƒ€ƒ€ƒ€ƒ€ƒFormula (2)€ƒ€ƒ€ƒ€ƒ€ƒNbO 5/2 |
