Fuel system using redox flow battery

摘要

An automotive or other power system including a flow cell, in which the stack that provides power is readily isolated from the storage vessels holding the cathode slurry and anode slurry (alternatively called “fuel”) is described. A method of use is also provided, in which the “fuel” tanks are removable and are separately charged in a charging station, and the charged fuel, plus tanks, are placed back in the vehicle or other power system, allowing fast refueling. The technology also provides a charging system in which discharged fuel is charged. The charged fuel can be placed into storage tanks at the power source or returned to the vehicle. In some embodiments, the charged fuel in the storage tanks can be used at a later date. The charged fuel can be transported or stored for use in a different place or time.

主权项

1. A bipolar electrochemical cell, comprising:
a terminal anode current collector; a first ion-permeable membrane spaced from the terminal anode current collector and at least partially defining a first anode; a bipolar electrode spaced from the first ion-permeable membrane and at least partially defining a first cathode between the first ion-permeable membrane and a first surface of the bipolar current collector; a second ion-permeable membrane spaced from the bipolar current collector and at least partially defining a second anode between the second ion-permeable membrane and a second surface of the bipolar current collector; and a terminal cathode current collector spaced from the second ion-permeable membrane and at least partially defining a second cathode between the terminal cathode current collector and the second ion-permeable membrane, wherein at least one of the first anode, the second anode, the first cathode, and the second cathode includes a semi-solid or condensed liquid ion-storing redox composition, the semi-solid or condensed liquid ion-storing redox composition including a conductive additive and an ion-storing solid phase; wherein a volume percentage of the ion-storing solid phase is between 20% and 70%, and wherein the semi-solid or condensed liquid ion-storing redox composition is capable of taking up or releasing ions, and remains substantially insoluble during operation of the cell.