Solid, heterogeneous catalysts and methods of use

摘要

Solid mixed catalysts and methods for use in conversion of triglycerides and free fatty acids to biodiesel are described. A batch or continuous process may be used with the catalysts for transesterification of triglycerides with an alkyl alcohol to produce corresponding mono carboxylic acid esters and glycerol in high yields and purity. Similarly, alkyl and aryl carboxylic acids and free fatty acids are also converted to corresponding alkyl esters. The described catalysts are thermostable, long lasting, and highly active.

主权项

1. A catalyst according to the formula a(La2O3).x(TiO2). y(ZnO).z(MMS), wherein a and x are each 1; y is 1-2, z is 3-4, and wherein MMS is a modified molecular sieve obtained from the type 3 Å, 4 Å, or 5 Å zeolite, having the general formula KnNa(12−n)[(AlO2)12(SiO2)12].x1H2O, Na12[(AlO2)12(SiO2)12].x1H2O, or CanNa(12−n)[(AlO2)12(SiO2)12]. x1H2O, respectively, wherein x1 has a value between 0 to 5 inclusive and n has a value between 1 to 12 inclusive, modified by replacement of at least one sodium ion within an unmodified molecular sieve with at least one metal cation, wherein the MMS has the general formula KnNa(12−n)[(AlO2)12(SiO2)12].x2H2O, KmCanNa{12−(m+2n)}[(AlO2)12(SiO2)12].x2H2O, CsnNa(12−n)[(AlO2)12(SiO2)12].x2H2O, or CsmCanNa{12−(m+2n)}[(AlO2)12(SiO2)12].x2H2O, wherein x2 has a value between 0 to 5 inclusive, and m and n independently have a value between 1 to 12 inclusive.