| 主权项 |
1. An alkoxylation product with intrinsically reduced viscosity, of the formula (I)
MiDjTkQlURuAPv formula (I) where the fragments M, D, T and Q are linked not to one another but instead with one another via the groups UR and/or AP, and the groups UR and AP are linked not to one another but instead with one another, correspondingly, via the fragments M, D, T or Q, i=0 to 16, j=0 to 10, k=0 to 6, l=0 to 4, u=0 to 17, v=0 to 6, with the proviso that i+j+k+l>=1, M independently at each occurrence is an oxygen-radical-carrying hydrocarbon radical having a minimum numerical molar mass of 88 g/mol, which may optionally be interrupted by heteroatoms,
or is a radical of the formula (Ia) or of the formula (Ib) or of the formula (Ic) with wherea=0 to 1000,b=1 to 1000,c=0 to 1000,d=0 to 1000,w=an integer from 0 to 1000,x=0 to 1000,y=an integer from 0 to 500,e=1 to 10,f=0 to 2,g=1 to 3,with the proviso that g+f=3 and g is at least 1,h=0 to 10 and with the proviso that the various monomer units of the fragments with the indices a, b, c, d, w, x and y may optionally be constructed blockwise among one another or else are subject to a statistical distribution and, moreover, are freely permutable among one another, it being disallowed for each of the groups with the indices w and y to follow itself or the other respective group, and where R1=independently at each occurrence a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched organic hydrocarbon radical which may comprise O, S and/or N as heteroatoms, R2=independently at each occurrence an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, R3=independently at each occurrence an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, R4=independently at each occurrence a hydrogen radical, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or an aryl or alkaryl group, or R4 and one of the radicals R5 may together form a ring which includes the atoms bonded to R4 and R5, this ring preferably containing 5 to 8 carbon atoms, R5=independently at each occurrence a hydrogen radical or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, R6, R7=independently at each occurrence a hydrogen radical, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl or alkaryl group, and/or alkoxy group, R11=independently at each occurrence a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 14 carbon atoms, whose chain may be interrupted by oxygen and may further carry functional groups such as, for example, carboxyl groups optionally esterified with alcohols such as, for example, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol or hexanol, hydroxyl groups optionally esterified with acids such as acetic acid, butyric acid or (meth)acrylic acid, or the polymers of (meth)acrylic acid, or an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or an alkaryl group having 7 to 30, preferably 7 to 20 carbon atoms, R12=independently at each occurrence a saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 30 C atoms, more particularly up to 24 C atoms, whose chain may be interrupted by oxygen and may further carry functional groups such as, for example, carboxyl groups or hydroxyl groups, it being possible for the carboxyl groups to be esterified optionally with alcohols, preferably with methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol or hexanol, and for the hydroxyl groups to be esterified optionally with acids, preferably with acetic acid, neodecanoic acid or butyric acid, and/or an alkaryl group having 7 to 30, preferably 10 to 20 carbon atoms, with the proviso that there must be at least one branched structural element present, R13, R14=independently at each occurrence hydrogen and/or an organic radical, preferably alkyl, alkenyl, alkylidene, alkoxy, aryl and/or aralkyl groups, or optionally R13 and/or R14 may also be absent, and, if R13 and R14 are absent, there is a C═C double bond instead of the radicals R13 and R14;
the bridging fragment Z may be present or absent:if the bridging fragment Z is absent, then R15, R16=independently at each occurrence hydrogen and/or an organic radical, preferably alkyl, alkenyl, alkylidene, alkoxy, aryl and/or aralkyl groups, and, if one of the radicals R13 or R14 is absent, the respective germinal radical (i.e. R15 if R13 is absent, and R16 if R14 is absent) is an alkylidene radical, preferably methylidene (═CH2);
if the bridging fragment Z is present, thenR15 and R16=hydrocarbon radicals which are bridged cycloaliphatically or aromatically via the fragment Z, Z representing a divalent alkylene or alkenylene radical which may be further substituted, where R17=independently at each occurrence a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, optionally further substituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or an aryl or alkaryl group, where R18=a divalent linear or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated alkyl or aryl group which may be substituted, and, if j, k and l are each=0, then M must=formula (Ia); and where, for the fragments D, T and Q: D is a polyether radical PE with t being 2, T is a polyether radical PE with t being 3 and Q is a polyether radical PE with t being 4, where
PE independently at each occurrence is a polyether radical with the formula -(DA)t-DX, where t=2 to 4, preferably 2 to less than 4, and DX is a t-valent functional, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched organic hydrocarbon radical which may comprise O, S, Si and/or N as heteroatoms, each of the radicals DA being bonded covalently to the radical DX, and where DA is a fragment of the formula (II) with a to h, w, x and y and R2 to R16 independently of one another as defined in formula (Ia), with the proviso that the sum of all the indices a from formula (Ia) and formula (II) must be greater than or equal to 1, characterized in that the sum of all the indices x from formula (Ia) and formula (II) must be greater than or equal to 1, UR independently at each occurrence are identical or different divalent radicals of the form -U-DC-U-, or a monovalent radical of the form DD-U-, or a trivalent radical of the form DEU3, or a tetravalent radical of the form DEU4, where U is a —C(O)—NH— group which is bonded via the nitrogen to DC, DE, DF or DD, and DC independently at each occurrence is a divalent substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, selected from alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or alkaryl radicals, which may optionally be interrupted by heteroatoms such as O, N and/or S, and DD independently at each occurrence is a monovalent linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, selected from alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or alkaryl radicals, which may be interrupted by heteroatoms such as O, N and/or S and/or may carry further functional groups, and DE independently at each occurrence is a trivalent substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, selected from alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or alkaryl radicals, which may be interrupted by heteroatoms such as O, N and/or S and/or may carry further functional groups, and DF independently at each occurrence is a tetravalent substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, selected from alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or alkaryl radicals, which may be interrupted by heteroatoms such as O, N and/or S and/or may carry further functional groups, and AP independently at each occurrence are identical or different radicals of the general formula (Ma), (IIIb) or (IIIc) or, if polyisocyanates with the structural units DE and/or DF are used, additionally structural elements analogous to formula (IIIa) and/or (IIIb), where the three urethane units bonded to DE and/or the four urethane units bonded to DF, independently of one another, have all or in part been further reacted to give allophanate structural units, as shown in the top part of the formulae (IIIa) and (IIIb). |
