| 摘要 |
Hydrocarbon oils are hydrogenatively refined in a catalytic process which comprises passing the oil at elevated temperature together with hydrogen containing gas through a catalytic refining reaction zone, or zones, and heating the reaction mixture leaving the reaction zone, or one such zone, or a portion of such reaction mixture, to a temperature higher than the temperature at the beginning of the first, or only, reaction zone, preferably 10 DEG -50 DEG C. higher, bringing this heated stream into indirect heat exchange with the fresh oil to be refined, and introducing the thus heated fresh oil, after mixing with the hydrogen-containing gas if the latter has not already been added before the indirect heat exchange, without deliberate further heating or cooling into the first or only reaction zone. The use of more than one reaction zone in which different catalysts may be present is particularly suitable when it is desired to carry out various types of treatment in succession, for example a partial hydrogenation at low temperature followed by complete hydrogenation at high temperature. Suitable zone conditions include 1-200 atm. abs. or higher and 50 DEG -500 DEG C. Any hydrocarbon oil may be refined, for example straight run gas oils, lubricating oils, residual oils and paraffin waxes, especially hydrocarbon oils containing unsaturated compounds, such as products obtained in thermal reforming and catalytic and thermal cracking, as well as coal tar fractions. In particular gasoline or gasoline fractions obtained by thermal cracking of hydrocarbons in the presence of steam, the preferred conditions for partial hydrogenative refining of these fractions being 50 DEG -200 DEG C., 20-60 kg./cm.2 abs., LHSV 0,5-2 litres liquid starting material per kg. catalyst and a ratio of hydrogen containing gas to starting material of 50-200 litres (N.T.P.)/kg. Preferably the reaction is carried out at least partly in the liquid phase. A suitable catalyst is nickel or barium sulphate. |
