| 摘要 |
A forward osmosis system using submerged hollow fiber membranes, a draw solution of superparamagnetic nanoparticles (preferably an iron oxide core with a silica shell that is chemically treated with a dispersant stabilizing it in a permanent suspension), that produces an osmotic pressure that drives fluid through the semipermeable membrane and a magnetic field produced by either a permanent magnet or solenoid-type electromagnet that is applied to either separate and reuse or to prevent the movement of the magnetic nanoparticles away from the membrane surface area. Since forward osmosis is independent of both the type of membrane (hyper, nano, ultra, or micro) and the fluid type (the fluid being processed can be oil or water-based), it can be widely applied to many fluid processes within the water treatment (wastewater treatment, demineralizing industrial cooling water, and seawater desalination) and non-water treatment industries such as the food and beverage, medical, and chemical industries. |
