| 主权项 |
1. Actuator (10; 110; 120; 130; 180; 190):
comprising at least one shape-memory-alloy based converter (11; 1811; 100, 101, 102, 103) in a housing (14; 197) and at least one preload spring (12; 3); and configured to cause a motion of at least one movable member (13; 198)
in a first direction, upon the at least one converter (11; 1811; 100, 101, 102, 103) undergoing thermally induced phase transition which makes it contracted, andin a second direction that is opposite to the first direction, upon the at least one converter (11; 1811; 100, 101, 102, 103) undergoing phase transition caused by temperature change and enhanced by the preload spring (12; 3) which makes the converter (11; 1811; 100, 101, 102, 103) elongated; further comprising at least one restrictor (14; 111; 121; 182; 183) configured to restrict strain of the at least one converter (11; 1811; 100, 101, 102, 103) caused by the preload spring (12; 3); and wherein: the at least one preload spring (12; 3) in its initial state is preloaded with a preloading force and configured to cause the at least one converter (11; 1811; 100, 101, 102, 103) in its resting state a tensile force that is limited by the at least one restrictor (14; 111; 121182; 183) in such a manner that the tensile force resulting from the tension in the at least one converter (11; 1811; 100, 101, 102, 103) is smaller than the force exerted by the at least one preload spring (12; 3) to the converter (11; 1811; 100, 101, 102, 103) during phase transition characterized in that the at least one converter (11; 1811; 100, 101, 102, 103) comprises at least one bundle (1811; 100, 101, 102, 103) of individual wires or rods made of or consisting shape-memory-alloy in such manner that in the bundle (1811; 100, 101, 102, 103) the individual wires are electrically connected to each other in series or in parallel and mechanically arranged in parallel. |
