| 摘要 |
Titanium dioxide of which more than 95% is in the rutile form is made by the reaction between an oxygenating gas and a titanium tetrahalide, in the presence of hot inert solid particles and of zirconium tetrahalide; the term "halide" does not include "fluoride." The particles, of diameter range 74-1800 m , may be of TiO2, and may contain 1% KCl, and a bed thereof may be fluidized or in the form of a heat-exchanging fountain circulating between two stages. An inert gas may be added to assist fluidization. The reaction temperature of 900-1200 DEG C. may be maintained autothermally; alternatively an external source of heat may additionally be used, e.g. by burning a fuel, e.g. oil, C, CO, or by electrical heating. The proportion of Zr tetrahalide is 0.5-7% by weight of Ti tetrahalide, calculated as the oxides or a proportion of Zr tetrahalide such that up to 25% of the weight of the final product is ZrO2. The halides are preferably the chlorides. The oxygenating gas may be oxygen with or without an inert gas, e.g. as air. Other substances may be added to the bed, e.g. 0.1-10% Al trihalide, 0.01-1% Si tetrahalide, 0.01-1% water, or a source of K, Rb or Cs. The halides of Ti and Zr may be preheated to form vapour and the vapours led into the reaction zone mixed or separately; if the Zr halide and oxygenating gas are introduced together, they should be preheated to below reaction temperature, e.g. up to 300 DEG C. In a fluidized bed, about 60-80% TiO2 formed will be entrained in the effluent gases, and is mainly rutile. The residual TiO2 mainly forms an aceretion on the bed particles; excess bed material is removed continuously or at intervals and may be ground, wet or dry, in mills with e.g. at least one surface of polyurethane rubber. The particulate matter and ground-off TiO2 particles may be classified by gas or liquid separation; the particles are returned to the reaction zone; the ground-off TiO2 may be used, e.g. in vitreous enamels. In examples, up to 72% of TiO2 produced was entrained, up to 99% was in rutile form, tinting strength was up to 1680 (Reynolds scale) and mean crystal size was down to 0.15 m . Specifications 761,770, 860,301, 900,050, 919,019, 968,660, 968,832 and 988,878 are referred to. |
