| 摘要 |
<p>#CMT# #/CMT# Water swellable hybrid material comprises a structurally crosslinked polymer matrix and bound inorganic particulate solid. The hybrid material has a time-dependent swelling behavior corresponding to an uptake of water of at least 7.5 times related to weight of the hybrid material within one hour. #CMT# : #/CMT# Independent claims are included for: (1) preparing water swellable hybrid material which comprises providing a reaction mixture comprising at least a polymerizable component and at least one solvent, where the pH of the reaction mixture is less than 7, mixing the reaction mixture with inorganic solid particulate, adding at least a crosslinker, initiating polymerization and controlling the polymerization reaction, so that the volume of the reaction mixture increases; (2) the hybrid material obtained by the process, and (3) a soil auxiliary material comprising the hybrid material and at least a material such as ground, humus, sand and/or turf. #CMT#USE : #/CMT# The hybrid material is useful: in agriculture, wine, garden and landscape gardening; for sports, gulf and garden places; for roof planting; for stabilization of solitary plants (trees), slope or dune attachment; for soil improvement when water and active substance stored; for the absorption of smells; for the absorption and desorption of fertilizers, pesticide, fungicides, micro organisms; and/or in combination with seeds as germinating accelerators (claimed). #CMT#ADVANTAGE : #/CMT# The hybrid material improves the soil capillarity and soil quality and is prepared in a short time. #CMT#INORGANIC CHEMISTRY : #/CMT# Preferred Components: The inorganic solid particulate comprises minerals such as quartz sand, clay, slate, sediment rock, meteorite rock, igneous rock, greywacke, gneiss, trass, basalt, diabas, dolomite, magnesite, bentonite, pyrogene silicic acid or feldspar. The solvent is protic-polar solvent, preferably water. The pH of the reaction before the addition of the inorganic solid particulate is under pH 6.5, preferably 1-6. The hybrid material has: a moisture content of 0.1, preferably 35 wt.%; shore A hardness of at least about 25, preferably 30-50, after drying at 40[deg]C for 12 hours, according to DIN 53505 and shore A hardness of 1, preferably 2-10 in demineralized water for 24 hours, according to DIN 53505. #CMT#ORGANIC CHEMISTRY : #/CMT# Preferred Components: The uptake of water is at least 10 times, preferably 15 times related to the weight of the hybrid material within one hour. The water-soluble, water-swellable and/or additive dissolved in water are alkali silicate, potassium water glass, sodium water glass, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, silicic acid, alkali phosphate, alkali nitrate, earth alkaline hydrogen phosphate, phosphoric acid, boric acid, pigment, perfume, fertilizer, urea, uric acid, guanidine, glycol, glycerin, polyethylene glycol or starch. The organic additives are microorganisms, bacterial fungus, algae, yeast, fungicides, pesticides, herbicides, cellulose, starch derivatives, synthetic or polysaccharide; and wood, straw, peat, wastepaper, chrome free leather and granulate recycle, synthetic granulates, fiber materials or fleece materials. The acid containing monomers comprise acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, sorbic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid and vinylsulfonic acid, methacrylaminosulfonic acid, vinylphosphonic acid or vinylbenzolphosphonic acid. The reaction mixture further comprises at least water-soluble ethylene unsaturated co-monomer such as unsaturated amines-(meth)acrylamide, N-alkyl(meth)acrylamide, N-dialkylamino(meth)acrylamide, N-methylol(meth)acrylamide, N-vinylamide, N-vinylformamide, N-vinylacetamide, N-vinyl-n-methylacetamide, N-vinyl-n methylacetamide, N-vinyl-n-formamide, vinylpyrrolidone, hydroxyethylenacrylate, hydroxyethylmethacrylate, and/or (meth)acrylic acid ester. #CMT#POLYMERS : #/CMT# Preferred Process: The mixing step further comprises mixing of organic solid particulate. The control of the polymerization reaction comprises controlling the heat reaction. The heat reaction of the exothermic polymerization reaction is controlled by 0.1-30 (preferably 2-15) wt.% of at least one solvent, preferably water evaporation. The heat reaction is controlled by at least a polymerizable component to at least one solvent and/or volume of the solvent, preferably water in 1:1-1:5 ratio. The heat reaction is controlled by cooling the reaction mixture. The control of the polymerization reaction increase the volume by at least 10 (preferably 100)% relative to the volume of the reaction mixture before polymerization. The volume in the reaction mixture is increased by gas-releasing material, preferably urea. The average reaction temperature of the polymerization reaction is 50-130 (preferably 60-110)[deg]C and the starting temperature is 4-40[deg]C, preferably ambient temperature. The polymerization reaction is carried out by redox system and/or photocatalysis in the presence of sensitizer. The hybrid material is thermally or chemically treated by heating at 100-150[deg]C with superheated steam or injecting sulfur dioxide and/or ammonia under pressure. Preferred Components: The polymer matrix comprise at least a homopolymer and/or copolymer of ethylene unsaturated component, preferably acrylic acid or its derivatives. The polymerizable components are water-soluble, unsaturated ethylene or acid containing monomers. The crosslinker comprises compounds including at least two ethylene unsaturated groups, or at least an ethylene unsaturated group or at least a further functional group that can react with acid groups. The crosslinkers are methylbisacrylamide, mono-, di- and polyesters of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, esters of acids with allylalcohol or its homologous oxalkylate, multivalent alcohols, butane diol, hexane diol, polyethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, glycerine, polyglycerine, homologous oxalkylate of multivalent alcohols, dihydroxyalkylmonoester, butane diol diacrylate, allyl acrylamide, triallylcitrate, trimonoallyl polyethylene glycol ether citrate, N-diallylacrylamide, diallylphthalate, triallylcitrate, tri-monoallyl-polyethylene glycol ether citrate, allylether of di and polyol or its oxethylate, polyallylether of glycerine, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol or its oxethylate, tetraallyloxyethane, polyglycidylallylether, ethylene glycol-diglycidylether, glycerine glycidylether; diamines or their salts with at least two ethylene unsaturated substituents, di- or tri-allylamine or tetraallylammonium chloride. #CMT#EXAMPLE : #/CMT# Acrylic acid (150 g) mixed with deionized salt water (180 g) was produced in room temperature. To the reaction mixture urea (7 g) was added under stirring with a pH of 1.6. Cross-linkage (0.02 g), wako V50 and butandioldiacrylate (0.4 g) was added to the reaction mixture. Subsequently inorganic solid particulate (460 g), bentonite (60 g) and sand (200 g) was added under stirring and homogenized. The acrylic acid was neutralized by adding potassium hydroxide (75 g). Subsequently polymerizing the reaction mixture by adding potassiumdisulfite (0.15 g), sodium peroxide disulfate (0.9 g) and ascorbic acid (0.45 g) to initiate the reaction mixture. The stream of carbon dioxide gas was released during the exothermic polymerization reaction. The process increases the volume of the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was carried out at 105 deg C, where about 4% water was evaporated. The reaction was further worked up to give water-swellable hybrid material.</p> |
