| 摘要 |
where each of R0-R3 is independently an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl group and R includes an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl moiety having at least 5 carbon atoms. Also claimed is a method or preparing a quaternary ammonium salt comprising (a) reacting a tertiary with (b) an acid-activated alkylating agent in the presence of (c) an acid including an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl moiety having at least 5 carbon atoms. Preferably the acid-activated alkylating agent is an epoxide. Preferably the compounds as defined above are used as an additive in a fuel composition, preferably a diesel or gasoline fuel. Also claimed is the use of an additive in a fuel composition to improve the performance of an engine by combusting the fuel composition, where the additive is a quaternary ammonium compound as defined above. Preferably the compounds or composition may be used to achieve keep clean or clean up performance. |
