TECHNIQUES FOR PRODUCTION OF CHLORATED PRODUCTS AND PREFABRICATED CATHODE STRUCTURES

摘要

Techniques for producing chlorinated products include an electrochemical process that includes the steps of providing an anode and a cathode in an electrolyte comprising impurities such as calcium ions, applying a voltage between the anode and the cathode under conditions to form an electrolysis product such as sodium chlorate in the electrolyte, and providing sufficient phosphate ions to form with at least a portion of the calcium ions a protective external layer including a calcium phosphate compound such as hydroxyapatite on the cathode, while preferably avoiding other phosphate precipitations. A pre-determined amount of phosphate ions may be added, for example, based on the surface area of the cathode in order to form the protective layer. Related uses and systems are also described. Prefabricated cathodes may include a substrate, a catalytic intermediate layer and a calcium phosphate protective layer.

主权项

1. An electrochemical process comprising:
providing an anode and a cathode in an electrolyte comprising impurities comprising calcium ions; applying a voltage between the anode and the cathode under conditions to form an electrolysis product in the electrolyte; and providing phosphate ions in the electrolyte in an amount sufficient to form with at least a portion of the calcium ions a protective external layer on the cathode, the protective external layer comprising a calcium phosphate compound, and to substantially avoid precipitation of calcium phosphate compounds in the electrolyte.