Apparatus for extracorporeal blood treatment

摘要

An apparatus for extracorporeal blood treatment is described, including a treatment unit, an extracorporeal blood circuit, an infusion line of a replacement fluid, a dialysis line connected in inlet to the second chamber, and a fluid evacuation line; sensors for determining a first parameter relating to a patient's blood volume (BV %) a second parameter relating to an ultrafiltration flow rate (UFR) or to a patient's weight loss rate (WLR), a third parameter (Cd, Na) relating to a conductivity or concentration of a liquid crossing the dialysis line and/or the infusion line, and a fourth parameter relating to an infusion flow rate (QINF), and a control unit for performing a control procedure.

主权项

1. An apparatus for extracorporeal blood treatment comprising:
at least a treatment unit having at least a first chamber and at least a second chamber separated from one another by a semipermeable membrane; at least a blood removal line connected to an inlet port of the first chamber and predisposed to remove blood from a patient, at least a blood return line connected to an outlet port of the first chamber and predisposed to return treated blood to the patient, the blood removal line, the blood return line and the first chamber being part of an extracorporeal blood circuit; at least an infusion line of a replacement fluid connected to the extracorporeal circuit or directly connectable to the patient; a dialysis line connected to an inlet port to the second chamber; at least a fluid evacuation line connected to an outlet port of the second chamber; a first sensor configured to obtain data regarding a first parameter relating to a blood volume (BV %) of the patient; a second sensor configured to obtain data regarding a second parameter relating to at least one of: an ultrafiltration flow rate (UFR) through the semipermeable membrane, a weight loss rate (WLR) of the patient, and an accumulated weight loss (WL) of the patient; a third sensor configured to obtain data regarding a third parameter relating to at least one of: a conductivity of a liquid in the dialysis line or the infusion line (Cd), or a concentration in a predetermined substance of the liquid in the dialysis line or in the infusion line (Na); a fourth sensor configured to obtain data of a fourth parameter relating to at least one of: an infusion flow rate (QINF) of the replacement fluid in the infusion line, and a transmembrane pressure (TMP) between the first chamber and the second chamber; a control unit in communication with the sensors and programmed to perform a control procedure comprising:
receiving, from the sensors, the data and determining values of the first parameter (BV %mes(t)), the second parameter (UFRmes(t); WLRmes(t), or WLmes(t)), the third parameter (Cd mes(t) or Na mes(t)) and the fourth parameter (QINFmes(t) or TMP mes(t));on the basis of said determined values and of prescribed values for a variation in blood volume (BV %target), a target weight loss (WLtarget), plasma conductivity or concentration in the predetermined substance (Ctarget, Natarget), and an infusion volume (VINFtarget ) to be reached in the patient or a transmembrane pressure (TMPtarget) to be reached during a predetermined treatment time, calculating control values corresponding to a control instant (t), wherein the control values include: (i) a conductivity or sodium concentration value (Cd(t); Na(t)) of the liquid flowing through the dialysis line or the infusion line; (ii) a weight loss rate value (WLR(t)) , and (iii) at least one of an infusion rate value (QINF(t)) and a transmembrane pressure value (TMP (t)), andimposing on the apparatus the control values during a time interval (Δt) following the control instant (t).