| 主权项 |
1. A thickener comprising
i) at least one cationic polymer preparable by polymerization of
a) at least one water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising at least one cationic monomer, optionally at least one anionic monomer or optionally at least one nonionic monomer,b) at least one ethylenically unsaturated associative monomer,c) optionally at least one crosslinker,d) optionally at least one chain transfer agent, ii) at least one activator,where the ratio of activator to cationic polymer is 10.5:100 to 50:100 [% by weight/% by weight];wherein the at least one cationic monomer according to component a) in the cationic polymer is selected from a compound of the formula (II) where R1 is H or C1-C4-alkyl, R2 is H or methyl, R3 is C1-C4-alkylene, R4, R5 and R6 are each independently H or C1-C30-alkyl, X is —O— or —NH— and Y is Cl; Br; I; hydrogensulfate or methosulfate;wherein the nonionic monomer according to component a) in the cationic polymer is selected from N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylimidazole or a compound of the formula (III) where R7 is H or C1-C4-alkyl, R8 is H or methyl, and R9 and R10 are each independently H or C1-C30-alkyl;wherein the at least one ethylenically unsaturated associative monomer according to component b) in the cationic polymer is selected from a compound of the formula (I)
R—O—(CH2—CHR′—O)n—CO—CR″═CH2 (I) where R is C6-C50-alkyl, R′ is H or C1-C4-alkyl, R″ is H or methyl, n is an integer from 0 to 100;wherein the crosslinker (component c)) in the cationic polymer is selected from divinylbenzene; tetraallylammonium chloride; allyl acrylates; allyl methacrylates; diacrylates and dimethacrylates of glycols or polyglycols; butadiene; 1,7-octadiene, allylacrylamides or allylmethacrylamides; bisacrylamidoacetic acid; N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide, or polyol polyallyl ethers; polyallyl sucrose or pentaerythritol triallyl ether;wherein the chain transfer agent (component d) in the cationic polymer is selected from the group consisting of mercaptans, lactic acid, formic acid, isopropanol, hypophosphites, and combinations thereof; andwherein the activator is selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohol alcoxylates, alkyl glycosides, alkyl carboxylates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, secondary alkanesulfonates, fatty alcohol sulfates, and combinations thereof. |
