| 摘要 |
Described herein is an adhesive formulation comprising lignin, a cross-linker, and optionally a dispersant, or obtained by mixing a composition comprising lignin, a cross-linker, and optionally a dispersant. Preferably in the adhesive formulation, at least about 50 wt. % of the composition is waste lignin, extracted lignin, or synthetic lignin; the lignin is not pre-activated, pre-fractionated, or pre-functionalized; the cross-linker is glycerol diglycidyl ether or poly(ethylene glycol)diglycidyl ether; and the dispersant is gamma-valerolactone, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, or triacetin. Also described are methods for using the adhesive formulation for making plywood assemblies, lignin-fiber composites, and lignin-waste wood composites. |
