| 摘要 |
450,016. Profile milling - machines. KOPP, F., 40, Olgastrasse, Ulm-on-Danube, Germany. Nov. 5, 1934, No. 31742. [Class 83 (iii)] [See also Group XXIII] Gear cutting.-In an apparatus for milling or grinding curved surfaces, the work is rotated through any required angle independently of any other work movement, by means of a cam shaped according to the work to be performed and arranged separately from the work-holder. One form of tubular workpiece, shown in Fig. 1, has a radially slotted portion 3, 4, a non-radial slot 4, 5 with its walls parallel to those of the slot 3, 4, and a second radial slotted portion 5, 6. The workpiece 1 is mounted in a chuck carried in a slide 12, Fig. 6, movable in vertical guides 13 on a carriage 7 which is movable on the frame along guides 9. Axial movement of the work is produced by a cam 8 mounted on a shaft 10 and driven from a shaft 89 through worm gearing 21 and spur gearing 25, Fig. 7. The outer end of the work is supported by an overarm 27 which may be moved axially against a spring 30 by lever mechanism to release the work. The carriage 7 is held up to the cam by a weight 19 or by other means. The slide 12 is moved vertically on the carriage by means of a cam 11 mounted. on the shaft 10 and acting through an intermediate member 16. In a modification, the cam 11 may be replaced by stationary cams arranged at the side of the bed. After completing the slot 3, 4 the work is moved vertically by the cam 11 to cut the slot 4, 5. For cutting the radial slot 5, 6 the work must be returned by the cam 11 and also partially rotated. The rotary movements of the work are effected by a second cam 31 on the shaft 10. The work chuck is carried in a rotatable block 50 formed with a pinion 34 engaging a rack 33 secured to a member 232 which is urged by a spring 35, Fig. 9, into engagement with the cam 31 so that as the cam rotates the rack is operated to rotate or oscillate the workpiece. In order to avoid backlash in the gearing 33, 34 the pinion 34 engages a gear 44 on a spindle carrying a pinion engaging a tubular rack 43 urged upwardly by a spring 40. The springs 40, 35 may be replaced by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure devices. The tool 2, shown as a milling cutter, is mounted in a headstock III, Fig. 6, which may be moved axially along guides 54 by a cam 55 against the action of springs 56 or fluid pressure. The cam may be driven from the shaft 78 of a motor 85, Fig. 6, this shaft being also connected by belt gearing 87 to the shaft 89 which actuates the work-holding mechanism. The cam imparts end movement to the tool for giving a profiling movement perpendicular to the longitudinal and transverse movements of the work. In a modification, Fig. 14, the shaft 78 is driven from a motor 166 through worm gearing 167 and drives the cam 55 through gearing 79, 83. The tool spindle comprises an outer sleeve 61 in which is eccentrically mounted an intermediate sleeve 59 which again is eccentrically fitted with an inner spindle 58 in which the chuck 57 of the tool 2 is mounted. The eccentricities of the two sleeves are preferably equal so that by adjustment of the sleeve 59 by worm gearing 64 the eccentricity of the tool may be adjusted from zero to twice the eccentricity 60, Fig. 15, the adjustment being indicated by a pointer 106. The inner tool-carrying spindle 58 is driven from a countershaft 70 through gears 73, 74 and a coupling 75 which permits the orbital movement due to eccentricity. To impart the orbital movement the outer sleeve 61 is driven by gearing 68, 69. The tool headstock and the work carriage may each be driven by separate motors and may be mounted on anv machine as self-contained units. The assembly shown in Fig. 6 also forms a self contained unit. In a modified work carriage unit, Fig. 11, the shaft 10 carrying the cam 8 is driven from a motor 157 through gears 158, 160 and worm gearing 162. The cam 31 operating the rack 33 is mounted on a journal 114 in the vertical slide 12 and is connected to the shaft 10 by an Oldham coupling 115, 119. The rack 43 in this modification is loaded by hydraulic pressure. A pump 120 delivers to three cylinders 241, Fig. 13, containing spring plungers 139, 140, 141 engaging cam tracks 136 ... 138 on the back of the cam 8. When one of the plungers is pushed back by its cam the corresponding valve 129 is held by a determined spring pressure against its seating. This closes passage 134 and causes pressure in corresponding pipe 131, 132 or 133 to rise. These pipes are respectively connected to a cylinder 143 which urges the carriage 7 against the slideway 8, a cylinder 145 which urges the vertical slide on to its cam 11 and a cylinder 147 which operates the tubular rack 43 to hold the rack 33 down on the cam 31. The cam tracks are shaped to give high pressures in the corresponding pipes for descending portions of the cams and a low pressure for ascending portions. A fourth cam track 151 may operate a spring plunger 152 in a cylinder 153 to deliver pressure fluid alternately to pipes 155, 156 connected to a hydraulic piston (not shown), which may operate ratchet mechanism to give a tool feed at each revolution of shaft 10. In some cases the cam 11 may be omitted. In another modification either the work carriage or tool headstock mav have an additional cam actuated movement in the direction of the tool axis. In another modification, Fig. 19, adapted to be secured as an attachment to an existing machine, the casing 53 is clamped to a fixed machine member 93 and the machine spindle 96 is connected by gearing 98 and coupling 101 to the inner tool spindle 58. The outer sleeve 62 is rotated to give the orbital movement to the tool spindle by internal gearing 105, the eccentricity being adjusted by worm gearing 64. The orbital movement of the tool in conjunction with the longitudinal work travel gives a cycloidal path 113, Fig. 23, of the tool axes relatively to the work. In the application to gear cutting, Fig. 24, the tool and work axes are arranged parallel with each other. The blank is first rotated uniformly from a to b by cam 31 to machine a crest. To cut from b to c the rotation is non-uniform and is combined with a lateral movement. Similarly the parts c d, d e, and e are shaped by combined rotational and lateral movements of the work. |
