| 摘要 |
The present invention includes methods, devices, and compositions having improved piezoelectric characteristics with high energy density. Compositions of the present invention are ceramic materials of the formula: Pb[(Zr<SUB>0.52</SUB>Ti<SUB>0.48</SUB>)O<SUB>3</SUB>]<SUB>1-x</SUB>[(Zn<SUB>1/3</SUB>Nb<SUB>2/3</SUB>)O<SUB>3</SUB>]<SUB>x</SUB>+Mn, where x is 0.05 to 0.20 and Mn is manganese in a form that is present from about 0.1 to 1.5 wt %. Suitable manganese forms include MnCO<SUB>3</SUB>, MnO<SUB>2</SUB>, MnO, and Mn<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>. The compositions exhibit a high product of piezoelectric voltage constant and piezoelectric stress constant. The compositions are polycrystalline or textured with a dense microstructure and small grain. The piezoelectric voltage constant and piezoelectric stress constant obtained from such compositions are superior to those of conventional hard or soft ceramics and yield a magnitude product of the piezoelectric voltage constant and piezoelectric stress constant that is significantly higher than those reported in the literature or in available with commercial or conventional ceramic compositions.
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