Dipole moment and/or concn. measurement - by capacitive measurement of dielectric constant in presence of charge carrier

摘要

Measurement of the dipole moment and/or concn. of a cpd. (I) dissolved in a fluid is effected by: (a) adding a charge carrier (II) to the fluid, where (II) has a lower relaxation frequency than (I); (b) introducing the fluid into a capacitor whose electrodes are masked from the fluid by insulating layers; (c) exposing the fluid to an AC electric field; (d) measuring the dielectric constant as a function of frequency; and (e) determining the dipole moment or concn. of (I) from the change in dielectric constant induced by (I). USE - The process may be used to measure the concn. of biological substances (e.g. cytochrome C), to monitor the enzymatic degradation of substances (e.g. pectin), or to monitor the formation of intermediate states, redox forms or complexes by enzymes, antigens, antibodies, etc.