| 摘要 |
<p>A line defect (12) is constituted of a first linear portion (21) formed along a straight line Y, a second linear portion (22) and a third linear portion (23) formed along a straight line X intersecting the straight line Y perpendicularly, and a branch (24) for connecting two ends of the second linear portion (22) and the third linear portion (23) in close vicinity to each other and the end of the first linear portion (21) in close vicinity to these two ends. Furthermore, the branch (24) is composed of a plurality of line defect columns, and the ends are connected along a gentle curve by arranging these line defect columns by shifting the defect columns from the periodic arrangement of a lattice.</p> |
