Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of polymeric materials

摘要

543,297. Linear polyamides. DU PONT DE NEMOURS & CO., E. 1. July 8, 1940, No. 11363. Convention date, July 6, 1939, [Class 2 (iii)] Linear polymers are prepared by heating a polyamide-forming composition comprising, as essential' re-acting material, one or more compounds each containing two, and only two, amide-forming groups, these groups being carboxyl, isocyanate or isothiocyanate groups, the compound or the proportions of the compounds being such that there are present substantially chemically equivalent quantities of the complementary amide-forming groups. Thus, the polyamide-forming composition may comprise a dicarboxylic acid and a diisocyanate or a diisothiocyanate, or may consist of an isocyano- or an isothiocyano-monocarboxylic acid. The re-action may be continued until the polymer is capable of being formed into fibres. Examples are given. Specified starting materials are : dicarboxylic acids -adipic, glutaric, sebacic, dihydromuconic, carbonic, oxalic, malonic, succinic, pimelic, suberic, azelaic, decane-1:10-dicarboxylic, methyl malonic, #- methyl adipic, maleic, itaconic, acetylene dicarboxylic, cyclopentane-1:2-dicarboxylic, cyclopentane-1:3-dicarboxylic, cyclohexane-1:2- dicarboxylic, cyclohexane-1:3-dicarboxylic, cyclohexane-1:4-dicarboxylic, phthalic, isophthalic, terephthalic, diphenic, naphthalene- 1:2-dicarboxylic, naphthalene- 1:3-dicarboxylic, naphthalene-1:4-dicarboxylic, naphthalene-1:5-dicarboxylic, diphenylene-2:21- dicarboxylic, . diphenylene-4:41-dicarboxylic, diphenylene-2:41-dicarboxylic, xylylene-1:4- dicarboxylic, xylylene-1:3-dicarboxylic, xylylene-1:2-dicarboxylic; and dicarboxylic acids containing hetero-atoms such as HOOC (CH 2 ) 3 S(CH 2 ) 3 COOH. diisocyanates and the corresponding diisothiocy nates of ethylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene, hexamethylene; decamethylene, propylene-1:2; butylene-1:2, butylene-1:3, butylene-2:3, . ethylidene, propylidene-1:1, propylidene-2:2, cyclopentylene-1:3, cyclohexylene-1:2, cyclohexylene-1:3, cyclohexylene-1:4, cyclopentylidene, cyclohexylidene, xylylene-1:4, xylylene-1:3, and hetero-atom diisocyanates such as OCN (CH 2 ) 3 O(CH 2 ) 3 NCO. isocyano-monocarboxylic acids : 6-isocyanocaproic acid, 10-isocyanodecanoic acid, 3- (isocyanomethyl) . benzoic acid, 4-(isocyanomethyl) alpha-naphthalehe carboxylic acid, and the corresponding isothiocyano-mono-carboxylic acids. Interpolyamides may be prepared by using mixtures of re-actants, e.g., two dicarboxylic acids and two diisocyanaters. Amide interpolymers may be obtained by including with the re-actants, bifunctional reactants of other types, such as hydroxyacids or glycols. Viscosity-stabilized polymers can be prepared by adding one reactant slightly in excess of the chemically equivalent amount. Specification 461,236 and U.S.A. Specifications 2,071,250 and 2,130,948 are referred to.