Lithium ion batteries based on nanoporous silicon

摘要

A lithium ion battery that incorporates an anode formed from a Group IV semiconductor material such as porous silicon is disclosed. The battery includes a cathode, and an anode comprising porous silicon. In some embodiments, the anode is present in the form of a nanowire, a film, or a powder, the porous silicon having a pore diameters within the range between 2 nm and 100 nm and an average wall thickness of within the range between 1 nm and 100 nm. The lithium ion battery further includes, in some embodiments, a non-aqueous lithium containing electrolyte. Lithium ion batteries incorporating a porous silicon anode demonstrate have high, stable lithium alloying capacity over many cycles.

主权项

1. A lithium ion battery comprising:
a cathode; an anode comprising a film of porous silicon disposed adjacent to a current collector, the porous silicon film having a pore diameters within the range between 2 nm and 100 nm and an average wall thickness of within the range between 1 nm and 100 nm, wherein the film of porous silicon is substantially free of any binder material; and a non-aqueous lithium containing electrolyte.