| 主权项 |
1. A method of treatment comprising:
identifying a subject predisposed or at risk for developing diabetes wherein the subject exhibits no symptoms of diabetes; and administering to the subject an amount of a nitroxide antioxidant effective to increase proliferation of pancreatic beta cells, ameliorate insulin resistance, increase intracellular levels of adiponectin or keratinocyte growth factor, or increase expression of an adiponectin or keratinocyte growth factor gene in the subject, wherein the nitroxide antioxidant is selected from the following formulas:wherein X is selected from O— and OH, and R is selected from COOH, CONH2, CN, and CH2NH2;wherein X is selected from O— and OH, and R1 is CH3, R2 is C2H5, or R1 and R2 taken together are spirocyclohexyl;wherein X is selected from O— and OH and R is selected from CONH2; and wherein X is selected from O— and OH and R is selected from H, OH, and NH2, or wherein the nitroxide antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of 4-Oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl, 4-(2-bromoacetamido)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl, 4-(ethoxyfluorophosphonyloxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl, 4-(2-iodoacetamido)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl, 4-isothiocyanato-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl, 4-maleimido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl, 4-(4-nitrobenzoyloxyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl, and 4-phosphonooxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl. |
