| 摘要 |
The invention relates to the processing of industrial and communal-general waste, in particular solid waste with organic constituents, and can be used in the electrical engineering and electronics industries, in metallurgy and in other sectors. Furthermore, the invention can be used for recycling items, the consumer properties of which have been exhausted, and also for extracting nonferrous and precious metals from waste. The invention makes it possible to increase the energy efficiency of a waste-processing process, to reduce the quantity of harmful emissions into the environment and to reduce losses of valuable metals during the processing process. The method for processing solid waste with organic constituents comprises feeding the waste into a reactor, thermal decomposition of the waste in the reactor in a heat-transfer medium, with one of the constituents thereof being water steam, and discharging the waste from the reactor, wherein the thermal decomposition is carried out at a heat-transfer agent temperature of 450-900°C, the organic constituents of the waste form gaseous decomposition products and the inorganic constituents of the waste form solid decomposition products, and, after being discharged from the reactor, the gaseous decomposition products of the organic constituents of the waste are burned, and the products of the burning thereof are used as another constituent of the heat-transfer agent. The apparatus for processing solid waste with organic constituents comprises a reactor (2), a steam generator (18), a device (26) for comminuting the solid decomposition products, sensors and shut-off devices, a fuel-burning device (9), an exhaust fan (11), a device (13) for burning the decomposition products of the organic constituents of the waste, and a mixer (17), wherein the reactor (2) is arranged in a casing, the inlet of the casing is connected to the fuel-burning device (9) and the outlet of the casing is connected to the exhaust fan (11), the outlet of the reactor (2) is connected to the inlet of the device (13) for burning the decomposition products of the organic constituents of the waste, the inlets of the mixer (17) are connected to the steam generator (18) and to the device (13) for burning the decomposition products of the organic constituents of the waste, and the outlet of said mixer is connected to the reactor (2) and to the casing (7). |
