Manufacture of polymerisation products

摘要

Monomers containing a carbon to carbon double bond, alone, or in admixture with polymers, fillers, pigments, or stabilizers, are polymerized in bulk, solvent, or emulsion, in the presence of a polymerization catalyst made up of components selected from each of the three groups: (1) heavy metals and compounds thereof, e.g. salts or alcoholates and mixtures of metals or compounds; (2) secondary and tertiary amines and organic compounds containing labile hydrogen atoms; and (3) organic sulphon derivatives, i.e. compounds containing the group In a modification groups (2) and (3) may be combined in a single compound, e.g. N-methyl-di-p-tolyl sulphon methylamine. Aldehydes or alxohols, oxygen-containing catalysts and substances having an activating effect on the catalyst, such as oxides, hydroxides or salts of other metals, e.g. alkali, alkaline metals or zinc, may also be present. Monomers mentioned are butadiene, chlorbutadiene, vinyl acetylene, styrene, divinyl benzene, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, diallyl diglycol carbonate, triallyl cyanurate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and amines, nitriles and esters of these acids, e.g. methyl methacrylate. Examples of Group (1) are iron, cobalt, copper, manganese and lead, inorganic salts of these metals, e.g. chlorides, and organic salts such as acetates, caproates, alphaethyl caproates, lactates, tartrates, acetonyl acetonates, stearates, palmitates, benzoates and naphthenates; of group (2) are tributyl amine, trihexylamine, phenylethyldibutylamine, N-dimethyl-aniline, N-dimethyl-p-toluidine, N-diethyl ethanolamine, hydrated Michler's ketone, diphenylamine, triphenylmethane, tridiphenylmethane, or hydroquinone; and suitable sulphons are those described in Specification 708,077. Specified alcohols and aldehydes are methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, propionaldehyde, and butyraldehyde. The oxygen-containing catalysts may be oxygen, air, hydrogen peroxide, potassium persulphate, dibenzoyl peroxide, oxyheptyl peroxide, p-chlorbenzoyl peroxide, cyclohexanone peroxide, t-butyl permaleic acid, t-butyl perphthalic acid or t-butyl di-perphthalate. The polymers, pigments, &c., may be polymethylmethacrylate, carbon black, zinc oxide, silicon dioxide, aluminium oxide, sulphur, mercaptobenzthiazoles, hexamethylene tetramine, and air-drying oils. The products may be used in coating operations, in dentistry, as electrical, heat, and sound insulators, for safety and spectacle gasses, artificial eyes or limbs, or in facial plastic surgery. Specification 710,534 also is referred to.