| 主权项 |
1. An internal combustion engine 100 having a front and a rear and adapted or converted for marine use, including a turbocharger 107 driven when in use by exhaust gas pressure for compressing aspired air, the engine being internally cooled by a first internal closed coolant circuit with flow caused by pump 106 and connected through one or more non-mingling heat exchangers 105 to a flow of raw water caused to flow by pump 110 in a second, open circuit; the engine having at least one bank of combustion chambers 102, each chamber having a corresponding exhaust port brought to a manifold face of an engine head, characterised in that
(a) one exhaust manifold 101 for each bank of combustion chambers is formed from a solid thermally conductive mass having a thick wall 213 surrounding a duct 214 capable when in use of carrying hot exhaust gases from the exhaust ports 206; the wall being sufficiently thick to include a plurality of internal conduits or galleries 215, 216, 217, 218; the exhaust manifold having a closed end 203 and an open end 202; (b) coolant apertures 101E, 101F, 101G, 101H are formed through the manifold face of the engine, each aperture creating an opening into an internal coolant gallery surrounding a corresponding combustion chamber; (c) the manifold surface along one side of the exhaust manifold includes a series of exhaust channels 206 each aligned with one of the exhaust ports of the bank and leading into duct 214, and includes a series of coolant channels 101A nearest the front, 101B, 101C and 101D nearest the rear, each connecting a corresponding one of coolant apertures 101E-H into the plurality of internal conduits or galleries 215, 216, 217, 218 of the exhaust manifold, wherein said coolant channels thereby include the exhaust manifold within the closed coolant circuit and when in use limit a temperature of the exhaust manifold by removing heat into the coolant; (d) the exhaust manifold 101 further including at least one outlet at the open end for coolant and an outlet for exhaust gases; said outlets being aligned with corresponding inlets of an exhaust manifold extension 104 serving to separately carry the coolant as 104B and gas outflow as 104A from the exhaust manifold to at least one turbocharger 107; (e) wherein each coolant channel is provided with a predetermined resistance to flow of coolant therethrough such that the coolant channel 101A provides a path of least resistance for coolant flow within the engine and the manifold; said path traversing the interior of the engine from a rear inlet 102A to the front, through the aperture 101E and the coolant channel 101A and then traversing the length of the exhaust manifold towards the open end 202 thereby when in use limiting the maximum temperature of the exterior of the manifold to an amount compatible with use in a marine inboard engine installation yet maintaining a flow of coolant throughout the engine. |
