| 摘要 |
<p><PICT:0799618/III/1> <PICT:0799618/III/2> In an apparatus for the heat - exchange treatment of liquids, wherein the liquid, introduced by one or more inlets 40, is caused to rise as an annular film on the wall of the vertical cylindrical chamber 10 by means of centrifugal motion imparted by the vanes 55, the treated liquid is deflected by an obstruction 47 at the top of the chamber into a tangential discharge outlet 60. The apparatus may be used for the evaporation of liquids, e.g. in concentrating solutions, or for effecting chemical reactions in which case a liquid may be introduced by one inlet and a separate liquid or gas through another, similarly a liquid catalyst or dispersion of catalyst particles in a liquid may be introduced by a separate inlet. Liquids may be introduced under pressure. The walls of the chamber are heated by steam or other heating fluid passed through the two heating chambers 17 and 18 formed by the outer cylinder 16, separated by the ring 19, and each having an inlet 20 and an outlet 21. More heating chambers may be provided and alternatively electrical heating may be used. The top of each vane 55 is shaped with a short horizontal portion 57 and a downwardly slanting edge 58. The bottom surface of the plate 46 has a level portion 47 constituting the obstruction and a depending lip 59 which interfits with the slanting edges 58 of the vanes. The rising liquid is deflected into the spiral or involute channel 44 and thence into the tangential outlet 60. The lower corners of the vanes 56 may be chamfered. Vapours leave by exit tube 50 formed with a trap to collect escaping droplets of liquid. High or low pressures may be used if desired, in the case of vacuum evaporation it is not necessary to collect the liquid under vacuum or to pump out the liquid since the combination of the dam and the vanes give sufficient centrifugal force to cause an outward pressure and flow of liquid. Examples are given of the concentration aqueous gelatin and of a dispersion of silver halide in aqueous gelatin.</p> |
