In order to be capable of performing axle bearing tests that accurately simulate the normal travel state used by a dynamic load, this bearing testing machine comprises: a testing machine shaft being a rotating shaft extending in the horizontal Y-axis direction and having attached thereto the bearing test piece; a rotation drive unit that rotates and drives the testing machine shaft; a test piece holding unit that elastically holds the test piece; and an axle drive unit that drives the testing machine shaft in the vertical direction and in the X-axis direction being the horizontal direction perpendicular to the Y-axis direction.