Apparatus and methods employing liquid-impregnated surfaces

摘要

The invention is directed to apparatus comprising a liquid-impregnated surface (100), said surface (100) comprising an impregnating liquid and a matrix of solid features (102) spaced sufficiently close to stably contain the impregnating liquid therebetween or therewithin, and methods thereof. In some embodiments, one or both of the following holds: (i) 0 < &phgr;≤ 0.25, where &phgr; is a representative fraction of the projected surface area of the liquid-impregnated surface (100) corresponding to non- submerged solid at equilibrium; and (ii) S