| 摘要 |
<PICT:0878080/IV (b)/1> Unsaturated hydrocarbons, particularly ethylene, are produced by cracking liquid hydrocarbons by introducing the liquid hydrocarbon into a cylindrical reaction vessel close to the wall, introducing oxygen or an oxygencontaining gas tangentially close to the point of introduction of the hydrocarbon at a high speed sufficient to prevent a detachment from the inner wall of the vortex produced which is aided by passing the reaction gases through a conically-formed constriction and thence through either a cylindrical vessel or a vessel which first widens conically and is then preferably cylindrical. A mixture of oxygen and steam, combustion gas and/or recycle gas from tubes 4 and 5 is introduced through channel 6 and slot 3 at 80-200 metres per second faster than a petroleum fraction which is introduced through tube 7 under a slight excess pressure of 500-1000 mm. water. The gases pass from vessel 1 into vessel 2 through a conical constriction and the conical vessel 10 which preferably has a cone angle below 10 degrees. The products are quenched at 11. The reactor may be preheated by a combustion gas introduced at 9.
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