Nitrile rubbers and production thereof in organic solvents

摘要

A new process is provided for preparing nitrile rubbers by free-radical polymerization in an organic solvent and in the presence of specific modifier substances. This polymerization may be followed by hydrogenation to give likewise new hydrogenated nitrile rubbers, the hydrogenation advantageously taking place likewise in organic solvent. The optionally hydrogenated nitrile rubbers obtained are notable for having fragments of the employed modifier substances in the main polymer chain and/or as end groups. They can be prepared with a wide diversity of molecular weights and polydispersity indices, especially with very low polydispersity indices.

主权项

1. Nitrile rubber comprising
(i) repeating units derived from at least one conjugated diene, at least one α,β-unsaturated nitrile and optionally one or more further copolymerizable monomers, and (ii) one or more structural elements of the general formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV) or (V) in which Z is, a linear or branched, saturated, mono- or polyunsaturated alkyl moiety, a saturated, mono- or polyunsaturated carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl moiety, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, amino, amido, hydroxyimino, carbamoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, F, Cl, Br, I, hydroxyl, phosphonato, phosphinato, alkylthio, arylthio, sulphanyl, thiocarboxyl, sulphinyl, sulphono, sulphino, sulpheno, sulphonic acids, sulphamoyl, silyl, silyloxy, nitrile, carbonyl, carboxyl, oxycarbonyl, oxysulphonyl, oxo, thioxo, borates, selenates, epoxy, cyanates, thiocyanates, isocyanates, thioisocyanates and isocyanides, R (a), if m≠0, possesses the same definitions as the moiety Z, and
(b), if m=0, is, a linear or branched, saturated, mono- or polyunsaturated alkyl moiety, a saturated, mono- or polyunsaturated carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl moiety, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, amino, amido, carbamoyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, sulphanyl, thiocarboxyl, sulphinyl, sulphono, sulphino, sulpheno, sulphonic acids, sulphamoyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, oxycarbonyl, oxysulphonyl, oxo, thioxo, epoxy, cyanates, thiocyanates, isocyanates, thioisocyanates or isocyanides, M stands for repeating units of one or more mono- or polyunsaturated monomers comprising conjugated or non-conjugated dienes, alkynes and vinyl compounds, or for a structural element which derives polymers comprising polyethers, more particularly polyalkylene glycol ethers and polyalkylene oxides, polysiloxanes, polyols, polycarbonates, polyurethanes, polyisocyanates, polysaccharides, polyesters and polyamides, n and m are alike or different and are each in the range from 0 to 10 000, t is 0 or 1, if n=0, and is 1, if n≠0, and X is C(Z2), N(Z), P(Z), P(═O)(Z), O, S, S(═O) or S(═O)2, it being possible for Z in these moieties to possess the same definitions as set out above.