| 摘要 |
1,221,673. Separation of liquid from a solution by evaporation. VARTA A.G. 13 Feb., 1968 [13 Feb., 1967; 18 Feb., 1967; 11 March, 1967; 1 April, 1967 (2)], No. 6995/68. Heading B1B. [Also in Division H1] Liquid is separated from a solution of two or more liquids or from a solution containing dissolved solid by contacting the solution, preheated if necessary, in chamber 02 with one side of a porous solid layer 01, impermeable to the solution, whereby vapour is evolved from the solution into a diffusion space on the opposite side of the layer and is then condensed on a condenser surface spaced opposite the porous evaporator layer. When the apparatus as shown is used to separate a liquid mixture, a temperature gradient is established along the direction Z of layer 01. Vapour of the liquid of highest volatility diffuses across gap 05, which contains a gas (e.g. hydrogen), the vapour condenses in the pores of porous layer 03, and the condensate passes into cooling chamber 04. A portion of the condensate is returned by conduit 09 from chamber 04 to chamber 02. The feed mixture is supplied through inlet 06 at a position where the composition of the mixture in the apparatus is the same as the composition of the feed. A lower boiling distillate fraction is withdrawn from the apparatus through valve V03; and a higherboiling, residual fraction is withdrawn through valve V02. When the apparatus is used for the distillation of water, conduit 09 is not operative; and the water-to-be-distilled is introduced at inlet 08. In some systems heat has to be fed to the evaporator walls. A rectification apparatus is also described comprising a plurality of cells each comprising an evaporation and condensation chamber separated by a diffusion gap, the cells being connected by conduits through which the condensate from one cell can be passed to the evaporation chamber of the adjoining cell, and non-evaporated liquid can be returned to the condensation chamber of the first-mentioned cell (Fig. 4, not shown). The separation of methanol and ethanol from aqueous solutions thereof is mentioned. The porous solid layers may be made by hotpressing nickel powder to form plates, and then treating the plates with polyamide resin so that it forms a burled coating which covers only a small portion of the area of each plate. Apparatus is described for the re-concentration of electrolyte from a battery of fuel cells (see Division H1). |
