| 摘要 |
The inventive method for processing vegetable raw materials consisting in organic solvent-extracting said materials, isolating it by retention which is associated with cooling and wax filtration, separating free oxides from the thus obtained solution of extractive substances by alkali solution action, dividing the obtained neutralized solution into a neutral substance solution in the hydrocarbon solvent and a water-alkali solution of organic acid salts, acidifying said salt solution, isolating chlorophilline acids and a fatty and resin acid fraction therefrom by retention, dividing the sum of diterpenic and higher fatty acids, distilling the solvent from neutral substances and in dividing said neutral substances. The diterpenic and higher fatty acid sum is treated in a low-molecular alcohol by adding a sulphuric acid in the form of a catalyst. Said method also consists in distilling alcohol and neutralizing the diterpenic acids and catalyst, extracting the higher fatty acid ethers, acidifying the water-alkali solution and extracting isolated diterpenic acids, distilling said solvent and in producing a rodent repellent. The neutral substances are subsequently extracted into acetone and C1-C3 alcohol. Afterwards, during acetone treatment, the concentrates of higher fatty acid esters are produced in association with triterpenic alcohols, stearins, higher fatty alcohols and an acetone-soluble residue. During the residue treatment by alcohol, the sum of diterpenic acids is separated, and the saponification of said acids makes it possible to produce a polyprenol concentrate for separating polyprenols therefrom by chromatography. |
| 主权项 |
1. A method for processing plant raw materials from foliage of coniferous and deciduous tree species, said method comprising the steps of:
extracting source material by organic solvent; subsequent isolation by settling, cooling and filtrating of waxes to obtain a solution of extractive compounds; separating free acids from the obtained solution of extractive compounds in hydrocarbon solvent using an alkali solution to obtain a neutralized solution; fractionating of the obtained neutralized solution into a solution of neutral compounds in hydrocarbon solvent and an aqueous-alkaline solution of salts of organic acids comprising higher fatty acids, resin acids and chlorophyllin acids; acidifying the aqueous-alkaline solution of salts by inorganic or organic acid; subsequent separation by settling of chlorophyllin acids and a fraction of higher fatty acids and resin acids comprising diterpene acids; selective esterifying the higher fatty acids present in the fraction of higher fatty acids and resin acids comprising diterpene acids, by treating the fraction of higher fatty acids and resin acids comprising diterpene acids with a low molecular weight alcohol with addition of sulphuric acid as a catalyst, wherein the higher fatty acids are esterified into esterified higher fatty acids and the diterpene acids are not esterified; and subsequent fractionating of the non-esterified diterpene acids from esters of the esterified higher fatty acids. |
