BORON ESTER FUSED THIOPHENE MONOMERS

摘要

Boron ester fused thiophene monomers and salts of formula (I) or (II) are described along with methods for directly substituting boron esters onto fused thiophenes and methods for making polymers and extended conjugation small molecules therefrom. The methods allow for Suzuki coupling to be used in place of Stille coupling to form fused thiophene based polymers and extended small molecules. The described boron compounds generally have lower toxicity than tin compounds, such as those previously recognized with respect to fused thiophene based ditin monomers. ( l ), (ll), The polymers obtainable with these diboronated species feature the following structure: (Vlll)