Method for hydroformylation of unsaturated compounds

摘要

The invention relates to a method for hydroformylation of unsaturated compounds such as olefins and alkynes using mixtures of synthesis gas (CO/H2), in which either the unsaturated compounds and a catalyst are heated to a reaction temperature of 60 to 200° C. and the synthesis gas is then added, or the unsaturated compounds and the catalyst are brought into contact with pure CO at normal temperature in a preformation step, then are heated to reaction temperature and on reaching the reaction temperature the CO is replaced by the synthesis gas. The pressure is 1 to 200 bar and the CO:H2 ratio in the synthesis gas is in the range from 1:1 to 50:1. The iridium catalyst used comprises a phosphorus-containing ligand in the iridium:ligand ratio in the range from 1:1 to 1:100. With high catalyst activities and low catalyst use, very high turnover frequencies are achieved.

主权项

1. A method for hydroformylating an unsaturated compound with a synthesis gas mixture comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the method comprising:
(a1) heating the unsaturated compound and a catalyst to a reaction temperature of 60 to 200° C. and (a2) adding the synthesis gas or (b1) contacting the unsaturated compound and the catalyst with pure carbon monoxide at normal temperature in a preformation step, (b2) heating the mixture to a reaction temperature of 60 to 200° C. and (b3) on reaching the reaction temperature, replacing the carbon monoxide with the synthesis gas mixture, where a reaction pressure is in a range from 0.1 to 20.0 MPa, a CO:H2 molar ratio in the synthesis gas mixture is in a range from 1:1 to 50:1 and the unsaturated compound is reacted in the presence of a polar solvent and of the catalyst, wherein the catalyst is an iridium catalyst comprising a ligand comprising phosphorus, wherein an iridium:ligand molar ratio is in a range from 1:1 to 1:100.