| 摘要 |
FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention can be used for mechanised sowing of seeds, including in areas of risk farming on black-earth, gray, brown forest and chestnut soils. The method (versions) consists in the fact that the seeds are sown in soil in a period when the absolute humidity of the soil is by more than 2% above the upper limit of humidity of physical maturity of the soil at its above-zero temperatures. When sowing, furrows for placement the seeds are formed with the width not exceeding 12 cm, the depth of sowing seeds is selected from 0.5 to 15 cm. In the second embodiment, when sowing in the soil of the above mentioned humidity, the seeds at the outlet of the seed dispensing device are imparted with the speed higher than the speed of the airflow from it. In the third embodiment, when sowing in the soil of the above mentioned humidity, the speed of the seeds at the outlet of the seed dispensing device is set as at least 35 m/sec and up to supersonic speeds. At that the power means is used, having the possibility to move on the soil of the above mentioned humidity at a speed of 6 to 80 km/h. "Bars UTES 271" is specifically used or the device on an air cushion. The fourth embodiment differs from the third with an adjustment of the seed speed in an automatic mode, depending on the hardness of the soil and/or conditions of sowing. In the fifth embodiment, when sowing the seeds in the soil of the above mentioned humidity the cold-resistant plant seeds are used, which are resistant to cold. In the sixth embodiment, sowing of the seeds in the soil of the above mentioned humidity is carried out along the zigzag or wave trajectories. The said trajectories are formed by creating the possibility of free oscillation under the influence of the soil inhomogeneities, loosely fixed or spring-loaded openers with the amplitude of at least 5% of the width of the inter-row spacing.EFFECT: use of the embodiments of the invention enables to provide energetically strong seedlings by reducing the loss of spring moisture reserves in the soil and optimising the time periods of sowing operations.8 cl, 13 dwg, 4 tbl |
