METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING SEISMIC PULSES TO MAP SUBTERRANEAN FRACTURES

摘要

The methods described are for determining distribution, orientation and dimensions of networks of hydraulically-induced fractures within a subterranean formation containing fluids. Micro-seismic events are generated by particles introduced into the fractures which are capable of explosive or chemical reaction. Specially designed particles with specific functionalities are positioned in the fracture. The particles include encapsulated capacitive devices or nano-rfid devices for triggering reaction of reactive particle materials. The resulting energetic reactions cause micro-seismic events detected by sensors positioned at the surface, in local observation wells, or in the wellbore from which the particles are released.