| 摘要 |
Bleaching-solutions for laundering or bleaching fabrics and clothes are prepared from a mixture of a bleaching compound of a metal of the second group in the periodic classification and a sufficient quantity of a water-soluble alkali-metal or ammonium metaphosphate to prevent precipitation of the second group metal when the mixture is dissolved. Alkaline detergents may also be added. The mixtures may be prepared as powders or tablets, or as ready-made solutions. The quantity of metaphosphate employed may vary according to the hardness of the water used, but preferably should be at least 8 times the weight of the metal of the bleaching compound. Metaphosphates referred to are those of sodium, lithium and ammonium, and may be hexa-, tetra-, tri- or di-metaphosphates. The bleaching compounds may be hypochlorite of calcium, barium or strontium, peroxide of calcium or barium, perborate of calcium, magnesium, zinc or cadmium, or bisulphite of calcium. Alkaline detergents specified are carbonate, orthosilicate, metasilicate, hydroxide, aluminate and metaborate of sodium, trisodium phosphate and borax. A preferred mixture consists of a high grade calcium hypochlorite containing about 70 to 75 per cent of calcium hypochlorite, 15 to 20 per cent sodium chloride and about 10 per cent of the chlorate, hydroxide and chloride of calcium, mixed with three times its weight of sodium hexametaphosphate (Graham's salt). If the hypochlorite be replaced by ordinary chloride of lime a much larger proportion of the metaphosphate is required. Specifications 408,708 and 434,599 are referred to.ALSO:Bleaching and germicidal solutions for cleaning dairy equipment, bottles and the like, and for laundering or bleaching fabrics and clothes, are prepared from a mixture of a bleaching or germicidal compound of a metal of the second group in the periodic classification and a sufficient quantity of a water-soluble alkali-metal or ammonium metaphosphate to prevent precipitation of the second group metal when the mixture is dissolved. Alkaline detergents may also be added. The mixtures may be prepared as powders or tablets, or as ready-made solutions. The quantity of metaphosphate employed may vary according to the hardness of the water used, but preferably should be at least 8 times the weight of the metal of the bleaching or germicidal compound. Metaphosphates referred to are those of sodium, lithium and ammonium, and may be hexa-, tetra-, tri- or di-metaphosphates. The bleaching &c. compounds may be hypochlorite of calcium, barium or strontium, peroxide of calcium or barium, perborate of calcium, magnesium, zinc or cadmium, or bisulphite of calcium. Alkaline detergents specified are carbonate, orthosilicate, metasilicate, hydroxide, aluminate and metaborate of sodium, trisodium phosphate and borax. A preferred mixture consists of a high grade calcium hypochlorite containing about 70 to 75 per cent of calcium hypochlorite, 15 to 20 per cent sodium chloride and about 10 per cent of the chlorate, hydroxide and chloride of calcium, mixed with three times its weight of sodium hexametaphosphate (Graham's salt). If the hypochlorite be replaced by ordinary chloride of lime a much larger proportion of the metaphosphate is required. Specifications 408,708 and 434,599, [Group IV], are referred to.ALSO:Bleaching and germicidal solutions are prepared from a mixture of a bleaching or germicidal compound of a metal of the second group in the periodic classification and a sufficient quantity of a water-soluble alkali-metal or ammonium metaphosphate to prevent precipitation of the second group metal when the mixture is dissolved. Alkaline detergents may also be added. The mixtures may be used for treating dairy equipment, bottles, and the like, for laundering or bleaching fabrics and clothes, for treating the skin of human beings or animals and as a mouthwash; they may be prepared as powders or tablets or as ready made solutions. The quantity of metaphosphate employed may vary according to the p hardness of the water used, but preferably should be at least 8 times the weight of the metal of the bleaching or germicidal compound. Metaphosphates referred to are those of sodium, lithium and ammonium, and may be hexa-, tetratri- or dimetaphosphates. The bleaching &c. compounds may be hypochlorite of calcium, barium or strontium, peroxide of calcium or barium, perborate of calcium, magnesium, zinc or cadmium, or bisulphite of calcium. Alkaline detergents specified are carbonate, orthosilicate, metasilicate, hydroxide, aluminate and metaborate of sodium, trisodium phosphate and borax. A preferred mixture consists of a high grade calcium hypochlorite containing about 70 to 75 per cent of calcium hypochlorite, 15 to 20 per cent sodium chloride and about 10 per cent of the chlorate, hydroxide and chloride of calcium, mixed with three times its weight of sodium hexametaphosphate (Graham's salt). If the hypochlorite be replaced by ordinary chloride of lime a much larger proportion of the metaphosphate is required. Specifications 408,708 and 434,599, [both in Group IV], are referred to. |
