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1. A process for preparing a cyclometallated carbene complex of the general formula (1) comprising at least one carbene ligand where the symbols have the following meanings: M1 is a metal atom selected from the group consisting of Ir, Co, Rh, Ni, Pd, Pt, Fe, Ru, Os, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Tc, Re, Cu and Au in any oxidation state possible for the respective metal atom; carbene is a carbene ligand selected from the group consisting of carbene ligands a-j: where the symbols have the following meanings: Z, Z′, Z″ are identical or different and are each CH or N; R12, R12′ are identical or different and are each an alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkynyl or alkenyl radical, or 2 radicals R12 or R12′ together form a fused-on ring which may optionally comprise at least one heteroatom, or R12 or R12′ is a radical having a donor or acceptor action; t and t′ are identical or different and are each from 0 to 4, where, when t or t′ is >1, the radicals R12 or R12′ can be identical or different; R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and R11 are each hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkynyl or alkenyl or a radical having a donor or acceptor action; R10 is alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkynyl or alkenyl, or 2 radicals R10 together form a fused-on ring which may optionally comprise at least one heteroatom, or R10 is a radical having a donor or acceptor action; with the group of the structurealso being able to be joined via the aromatic basic skeleton or via one of the radicals R12 to R4 or R5 or the carbon atom to which R4 and R5 are bound in the groups a and f, R8 or the carbon atom to which R8 is bound in the groups b and g, one of the radicals R10 or one of the carbon atoms to which R10 is bound in the groups c and h and R11 or the carbon atom to which R11 is bound in the groups d and i via a bridge which can have the following meanings:alkylene, arylene, heteroarylene, alkynylene, alkenylene, NR18, PR19, BR20, O, S, SO, SO2, SiR30R31, CO, CO—O, O—CO and (CR21R22)x, where one or more nonadjacent (CR21R22) groups may be replaced by NR18, PR19, BR20, O, S, SO, SO2, SiR30R31, CO, CO—O, O—CO, where
x is from 2 to 10; and R18, R19, R20, R21, R22, R30, R31 are each H, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkenyl, alkynyl; where in the cases in which the group of the structure is linked via a bridge to the carbon atom to which R4 and R5 are bound (groups a and f), the carbon atom to which R8 is bound (groups b and g), one of the carbon atoms to which R10 is bound (groups c and h) or the carbon atom to which R11 is bound (groups d and i), and the respective radical R4 or R5, R8, one of the radicals R10 and R11 is replaced by a bond to the bridge; v is from 0 to 4, where, when v is 0, the four carbon atoms of the aryl radical in formulae c and h which may optionally be substituted by R10 bear hydrogen atoms; Y3 is hydrogen, an alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkynyl or alkenyl radical L is a monoanionic or dianionic ligand which may be monodentate or bidentate; K is an uncharged monodentate or bidentate ligand; n is the number of carbene ligands, with n being at least 1, and the carbene ligands in the complex of the formula I being able to be identical or different in the case of n>1; m is the number of ligands L, with m being able to be 0 or ≧1 and the ligands L being able to be identical or different in the case of m>1; o is the number of ligands K, with o being able to be 0 or ≧1 and the ligands K being able to be identical or different in the case of o>1; where the sum n+m+o is dependent on the oxidation state and coordination number of the metal atom used and on the denticity of the ligands carbene, L and K and also on the charge on the ligands carbene and L, with the proviso that n is at least 1; which comprises reaction of a ligand precursor selected from the group consisting of ligand precursors a′-j′: where Q− is a monoanionic counterion, and the further symbols in formulae a′-j′ have the meanings given in respect of carbene ligands a-j, wherein the reaction comprises the use of a base and an auxiliary reagent selected from among salts of Ag, Hg, Sb, Mg, B and Al (route A) and the ligand precursor selected from the group consisting of ligand precursors a′-j′ is (A) reacted with the base, a metal complex comprising at least one metal M1 and the auxiliary reagent (route A); to give a cyclometallated carbene complex of the formula I. |
