| 摘要 |
<p>A photovoltaic cell comprises a protective layer, a substrate adjacent to the protective layer, and a barrier layer adjacent to the substrate. The protective layer can comprise niobium, or a metal carbide, metal boride, metal nitride, or metal silicide. The barrier layer can comprise an electrically conductive material. The photovoltaic cell further comprises an absorber layer adjacent to the barrier layer. The absorber layer in some cases comprises copper indium gallium di-selenide (CIGS). The photovoltaic cell further comprises an optically transparent window layer adjacent to the absorber layer, and an electrically non-conductive aluminum zinc oxide (AZO) layer adjacent to the window layer. A transparent oxide layer is disposed adjacent to the AZO layer.</p> |
