| 摘要 |
Acetylene is made by subjecting normally liquid hydrocarbons to thermal decomposition in two successive steps, the first step being effected at 600--1000 DEG C., preferably at 800--900 DEG C., and the second step being effected at above 1000 DEG C., preferably at 1100--1400 DEG C. The process may be effected at any desired pressure, but is preferably effected at below atmospheric pressure and/or with the addition of a diluent, e.g. hydrogen. The apparatus may comprise a series of tubes, or a single tube heated to the necessary temperatures over different parts of its length. The tubes may contain baffles adapted to cause a turbulent flow of the hydrocarbon vapour, and in this event the temperature in the second step may be reduced to about 950 DEG C.; various forms of baffle and various methods of mounting the baffles are indicated. The process may be applied to heavy, medium or light oils, such as are obtainable from heavier oils by cracking, with or without hydrogenation; it may be applied also to liquid products obtained from coal by hydrogenation, or by extraction with a solvent followed by hydrogenation of the extract. In an example, a vaporized light hydrocarbon oil mixed with hydrogen is passed through a set of parallel steel tubes lined with chromium; the first half of each tube is kept at 850 DEG C. and the second half at 1200 DEG C.; the products leaving the tubes are rapidly cooled, and the acetylene produced is separated in any suitable way. The Provisional Specification states that the process may be applied p to normally gaseous hydrocarbons, and refers to the treatment of propane and butane.
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