| 摘要 |
<p>Provided is a charging member having a high relative dielectric constant and a small surface free energy, the charging member being capable of maintaining its high relative dielectric constant over a long time period. Also provided are a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus effective in increasing a printing speed and lengthening the lifetime of the electrophotographic apparatus. The charging member is a charging member comprising a support, an elastic layer, and a surface layer, wherein the surface layer comprises a cured product layer of a coating agent containing a reaction product between a hydrolyzable silane compound and titanium oxide particles having hydroxyl groups on surfaces thereof at a content of from 0.7 mass% to 35 mass%. The electrophotographic apparatus and the process cartridge each include the charging member.</p> |
