Device for ultrasonic cracking of hydrocarbon compounds

摘要

The claimed device designed for ultrasonic cracking of hydrocarbon compounds (raw hydrocarbons). The device contains an input system, system for running a cavitation process in introduced raw materials, system for extracting the products of processing, system of technical parameter control. The main part of the input-reactor system is constructed with the possibility to organize a cavitation process in raw hydrocarbons, the acoustic ultrasonic radiators are placed in the cavity of the reactor, vertical mixer (rotary mixer) for providing hydrodynamics of pseudo-liquefied vortex layer of the catalysts inside the reactor, the device for supplying raw hydrocarbons to the reaction zone, the device for mixing raw hydrocarbons and gaseous and liquid admixtures, intermediate vessel and device for selection and extraction of target product, rectifying column, system for controlling, stabilizing and registering thermodynamic parameters of processes occurring in the reactor. The device is additionally equipped with a catalyst placed in the container constructed as a basket with the perforated upper and lower bottom and placed in the reactor in the zone of a developed cavitation flow (stream) of the mixture consisting of raw hydrocarbons, gaseous-liquid admixtures and vortex pseudo-liquid layer of the catalyst, including the device for changing (regulating) rotation speed of the mixer (rotary mixer) installed in the lower part of the reactor of the device, device for supplying hydrogen-bearing substance and mixing them with raw hydrocarbons. The casing of the reactor is built out of non-magnetic steel with the possibility to vertically install the prolonged cylinder (H>D) and is equipped two end covers installed in the casing of the reactor with the possibility to provide vacuum density (air tightness) with the upper end cover having holes for installing acoustic ultrasonic radiators in them and the lower one having holes for installing devices intended for supplying raw hydrocarbons, hydrogen-bearing substances to devices where they undergo mixture process. The vessel for the catalyst is located in the upper part of the reactor of the device and is built with perforation holes in the upper and lower bottom. As a catalyst one uses a substance chosen from granules of intermetallic mixture that includes particles of nickel, palladium, platinum, corundum, silica and particles of other metals and oxides possessing higher chemisorptive traits. Installation provides the increase of efficiency thanks to tying (stabilization) of free hydrocarbon radicals generated during cracking and, thus, preventing recombination of initial recombination of raw hydrocarbons. The performance of the device provides information on structural parametric identification of mathematic model used for defining optimum modes for processing raw hydrocarbons.