Partially and fully surface-enabled metal ion-exchanging energy storage devices

摘要

A surface-enabled, metal ion-exchanging battery device comprising a cathode, an anode, a porous separator, and a metal ion-containing electrolyte, wherein the metal ion is selected from (A) non-Li alkali metals; (B) alkaline-earth metals; (C) transition metals; (D) other metals such as aluminum (Al); or (E) a combination thereof; and wherein at least one of the electrodes contains therein a metal ion source prior to the first charge or discharge cycle of the device and at least the cathode comprises a functional material or nano-structured material having a metal ion-capturing functional group or metal ion-storing surface in direct contact with said electrolyte, and wherein the operation of the battery device does not involve the introduction of oxygen from outside the device and does not involve the formation of a metal oxide, metal sulfide, metal selenide, metal telluride, metal hydroxide, or metal-halogen compound. This energy storage device has a power density significantly higher than that of a lithium-ion battery and an energy density dramatically higher than that of a supercapacitor.

主权项

1. A partially or fully surface-enabled, metal ion-exchanging battery
device comprising (a) a positive electrode (cathode), (b) a negative electrode (anode), (c) a porous separator disposed between said cathode and said anode, and (d) an electrolyte in physical contact with said cathode and said anode, wherein said electrolyte contains an alkaline metal ion that is exchanged between said cathode and said anode during an operation of said battery device and said alkaline metal is selected from beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), radium (Ra), or a combination thereof; wherein at least one of said cathode and said anode contains therein a source of said alkaline metal ion prior to a first charge or a first discharge cycle of the battery device and at least the cathode comprises a functional material having a surface-borne metal ion-capturing functional group and a nano-structured material having a metal ion-storing surface in direct contact with said electrolyte to reversibly capture or store said alkaline metal ion during charge-discharge operations of said battery, wherein the functional material is nano graphene selected from a single-layer graphene sheet or a multi-layer graphene platelet and wherein said operations of said battery device does not involve the introduction of oxygen from outside said device and does not involve the formation of a metal oxide, metal sulfide, metal selenide, metal telluride, metal hydroxide, or metal-halogen compound.