Hydraulic drive system for construction machine

摘要

A main relief valve 13 includes a biasing force altering unit 60, which constitutes, in combination with a gate lock valve 23 and a gate lock lever 24, relief pressure altering means for manually switching the relief pressure of the main relief valve 13 between a first pressure (a standard pressure of 25 MPa, for example) and a second lower pressure for engine start-up (e.g., 3.0 MPa). This allows the main relief valve 13 to return the hydraulic fluid discharged from a hydraulic pump 2 to a tank T in conjunction with an unloading valve 9 when multiple actuators 5a, 5b, . . . are not in operation under the ambient temperature below freezing point. As a result, it is possible to reduce the load on the hydraulic pump during cold engine start-up without compromising the anti-hunting characteristics of the unloading valve, thereby improving the engine start-up performance.

主权项

1. A hydraulic drive system for a construction machine, the system comprising:
an engine; a variable displacement hydraulic pump driven by the engine; a plurality of actuators driven by pressurized hydraulic fluid discharged from the hydraulic pump; a plurality of flow control valves for controlling the flow rate of the pressurized hydraulic fluid supplied from the hydraulic pump to the actuators; maximum load pressure detecting means for detecting a maximum load pressure from among the load pressures of the actuators when the actuators are in operation and detecting tank pressure when the actuators are not in operation, thereby outputting the detected pressure as a signal pressure; load sensing control means for controlling the displacement volume of the hydraulic pump such that the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump becomes higher than the signal pressure by a target differential pressure; an unloading valve connected to a hydraulic fluid supply line through which the pressurized hydraulic fluid discharged from the hydraulic pump is supplied to the flow control valves, and operative to open to return the hydraulic fluid discharged from the hydraulic pump to a tank when the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump is higher than the signal pressure by a pressure set for the unloading valve; a main relief valve connected to the hydraulic fluid supply line and operative to open to return the hydraulic fluid discharged from the hydraulic pump to the tank when the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump is higher than a first pressure set as relief pressure, thereby limiting maximum pressure in the hydraulic fluid supply line to the first pressure or below; and relief pressure altering means for manually switching the relief pressure of the main relief valve between the first pressure and a second pressure for engine start-up that is lower than the first pressure and allows the main relief valve to return the hydraulic fluid discharged from the hydraulic pump to the tank in conjunction with the unloading valve when the actuators are not in operation, wherein the main relief valve includes a spring for biasing a valve body of the main relief valve in a valve-closing direction to set the relief pressure of the main relief valve, and the relief pressure altering means comprises: a biasing force altering unit installed behind the spring of the main relief valve and having a hydraulic fluid chamber for altering the biasing force of the spring by changing a hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic fluid chamber so that the relief pressure of the main relief valve can be switched between the first pressure and the second pressure; valve means for selectively connecting the hydraulic fluid chamber of the biasing force altering unit to a pilot hydraulic fluid source and to the tank; and manual control means for controlling the valve means.