PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING A POLYOL FROM PALM OIL, POLYOLS OBTAINED FROM SAID PROCESSES, PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM SAID POLYOL AND METHOD FOR PREPARING SAME.

摘要

The present invention relates to a process for producing a polyol from palm oil and to rigid polyurethane foams prepared using said polyol derived from palm oil. On the one hand, the present invention provides a method for obtaining monomeric polyols obtained from palm oil, which have a hydroxyl number between 50 and 450 mg KOH/g of sample. The polyols of the present application can be obtained by a procedure based on the following four mother routes: route 1: maleinisation of the fatty acids from the palm oil; route 2: glycerolysis of the palm oil; route 3: transesterification of the palm oil; and route 4: epoxidation of the unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds of the palm oil. In addition, other embodiments of the invention make it possible to obtain polyols from the combination of said mother routes. According to another aspect of the invention, polyurethanes are prepared using the polyols obtained via any of the four routes or via a combination thereof. In one embodiment of the invention, the polyurethanes are produced by reacting a mixture of a polyol obtained in accordance with the present invention, a commercially available polyol, a surfactant, a catalyst and an isocyanate. The polyurethanes can be high-density rigid polyurethane foams.