| 摘要 |
<p>A developing device (4) includes a developer bearer (42A,42B) disposed facing a latent image bearer (2) in a development range, and an alternating voltage application unit (510; 510A) to apply alternating voltage to the developer bearer (42A,42B) to generate an alternating electrical field in the development range to cause toner to move from the developer bearer (42A,42B) to the latent image bearer (2) while reciprocating therebetween. The alternating voltage has a frequency within a range from 10 kHz to 60 kHz and a peak-to-peak voltage equal to or greater than 300 V.</p> |
