| 主权项 |
1. A process for polymerizing or copolymerizing, the process comprising polymerizing at least one (hetero)aromatic compound in the presence of a mixture comprising:
a) a catalyst/ligand system comprising a palladium catalyst and an organic phosphine or phosphonium compound; b) a base, which is a lithium salt; and c) at least one solvent;wherein:
the organic phosphine is a trisubstituted phosphine of formula (VI)or phosphonium salt thereof;
X independently of Y represents a nitrogen atom or a C—R2 group; Y independently of X represents a nitrogen atom or a C—R9 group; R1 for each of the two R1 groups independently of the other represents a radical selected from the group consisting of C1-C24-alkyl, C3-C20-cycloalkyl, which includes mono-, bi-, and tri-cyclic cycloalkyl radicals, C5-C14-aryl, which includes the phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl radical, and C2-C13-heteroaryl, wherein a number of heteroatoms, at least one selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, is from 1 to 2; the two radicals R1 are optionally linked to one another; the radicals R1 may themselves each be independently of one another mono- or poly-substituted by at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C20-alkyl, C2-C20-alkenyl, C3-C8-cycloalkyl, C2-C9-hetero-alkyl, C5-C10-aryl, C2-C9-heteroaryl, wherein the number of heteroatoms, at least one selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, is from 1 to 4, C1-C20-alkoxy, C1-C10-haloalkyl, hydroxy, amino of the forms NH—(C1-C20-alkyl), NH—(C5-C10-aryl), N(C1-C20-alkyl)2, N(C1-C20-alkyl) (C5-C10-aryl), N(C5-C10-aryl)2, N(C1-C20-alkyl/C5-C10-aryl3)3+, NH—CO—C1-C20-alkyl, NH—CO—C5-C10-aryl, carboxylato of the forms COOH and COOQ, wherein Q represents either a monovalent cation or C1-C8-alkyl, C1-C6-acyloxy, sulfinato, sulfonato of the forms SO3H and SO3Q′, wherein Q′ represents a monovalent cation, C1-C20-alkyl, or C5-C10-aryl, and tri-C1-C6-alkylsilyl, wherein two of the mentioned substituents may also be bridged with one another; R2-R9 each independently of each other represent a hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aromatic or heteroaromatic aryl, O-alkyl, NH-alkyl, N-(alkyl)2, O-(aryl), NH-(aryl), N-(alkyl)(aryl), O—CO-alkyl, O—CO-aryl, F, Si(alkyl)3, CF3, CN, CO2H, CHO, SO3H, CONH2, CONH(alkyl), CON(alkyl)2, SO2(alkyl), SO(alkyl), SO(aryl), SO2(aryl), SO3(alkyl), SO3(aryl), S-alkyl, S-aryl, NH—CO(alkyl), CO2(alkyl), CONH2, CO(alkyl), NHCHO, NHCO2(alkyl), CO(aryl), or CO2(aryl) radical, wherein
two or more adjacent radicals R2-R9 each independently of the other are optionally linked to one another to form a condensed ring system;the R2-R9 alkyl represents a hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and optionally linear or branched;the R2-R9 alkenyl represents a mono- or poly-unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms and optionally linear or branched;the R2-R9 cycloalkyl represents a hydrocarbon having from 3 to 20 carbon atoms;the R2-R9 aryl represents a 5- to 14-membered aromatic radical, wherein from one to four carbon atoms in the aryl radical are optionally substituted with at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur so that a 5- to 14-membered heteroaromatic radical is present, andthe radicals R2 to R9 optionally comprise at least one further substituent as defined for R1; and the (hetero)aromatic compound comprises at least one functional halide group and at least one functional boron group. |
