METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING SEISMIC PULSES TO MAP SUBTERRANEAN FRACTURES

摘要

The methods described are for determining distribution, orientation and dimensions of networks of hydraulically-induced fractures within a subterranean formation containing fluids. Micro-seismic events are generated, after cessation of fracturing and establishment of fracture networks, by particles introduced into the fractures which are capable of explosive or chemical reaction. In one method, attachment site particles are positioned within the formation during fracturing and additional reactive particles are later introduced. The reactive particles attach to the attachment sites and, upon a triggering event, react to produce micro-seismic events. The waves generated by the micro-seismic events are used to provide mapping of the effective fracture space. Additionally, time-lapse mapping is provided with use of “species” of attachment sites and reactive particles.

主权项

1. A method for mapping of fractures within a hydrocarbon bearing zone of a subterranean formation, the zone having a wellbore extending therethrough, the method comprising the steps of:
injecting a plurality of attachment site particles into the fractures of the zone of the subterranean formation; selectively attaching first reactive particles to attachment site particles; injecting a plurality of first reactive particles into the fractures; injecting a plurality of second reactive particles into the fractures after injecting the first reactive particles; causing, within the fractures, a plurality of reactions involving the plurality of first and second reactive particles; and creating a plurality of micro-seismic events in response to the reactions.