Procédé de fabrication de tubes à soufflets en matière thermoplastique.

摘要

Thin-walled thermoplastic tubing having two continuous pleats or tucks, located diametrically opposite each other, running longitudinally of the tube and parallel with its axis is made by continuously extruding thermoplastic material through an annular die and externally cooling it to a temperature at which its plasticity is reduced but not entirely destroyed, introducing a gas at superatmospheric pressure into the extruded seamless tubing to inflate it to a predetermined size larger than the extrusion diameter, and subjecting the inflated tubing to internally and externally locally applied mechanical pressure to form a tuck or pleat on each side of the tubing. As shown in side elevation (Fig. 1), thermoplastic material such as polyethylene is continuously extruded through an annular die D to form thin walled tubing T, air being introduced into the tubing by means of a pressure line 1. The tubing issuing from the die D is cooled by means of a ring of twenty fishtail jets 3 mounted on a circular manifold 6 which is connected to a compressed air supply (not shown). Each jet 3 is provided with a manually operable needle valve 5 by means of which the uniformity of the thickness of the tubing is controlled. The tubing next passes through three annular wind boxes 7a, 7b, 7c supplied with air under a pressure of a few inches of water from a common manifold 8 and blower 9. The air from the wind boxes is directed on to the tubing through openings 7 located at intervals in the inner peripheral wall of the wind boxes and individually regulated in size by sliding dampers 10. The size of the tubing is controlled by freely rotatable horizontal rolls R and vertical rolls R1 arranged transversely of the tubing and tangentially to its periphery. The tubing next passes between two rows of freely rotatable metal rollers 11 located transversely of the tubing and journalled in pairs of upper and lower longitudinal converging frame members 18, 19 carried in a frame 12. The forward ends of the roller frames 18, 19 are supported by a pair of chains 20 supported by sprockets 21 secured at the ends of a transverse shaft 22 rotatably mounted in the forward ends of a frame member 14. By rotating the shaft 22 clockwise or counterclockwise the distances of the forward ends of the frame members 18, 19 from the axis of the tubing may be increased or decreased. The aft ends of the frame members 18, 19 are similarly supported and their positions adjusted by a pair of chains 20a engaging sprockets 23 secured to the ends of a shaft 24 rotatably journalled in the frame member 14. Additional cooling of the tubing is provided by the blowers 25, 26, the air from which is directed up stream by ducts 25a, 26a towards the rollers 11 and the portion of the tubing engaged thereby. The tubing is collapsed or flattened by its passage between the two rows of rollers 11 and is then drawn by a pair of driven pulling rolls P (Figs. 1 and 2) through a pleating device G which further collapses the tubing, and, at the same time, in co-operation with an internal spreader mechanism S (Figs. 2 and 3) and the air pressure introduced throughline 1 (Fig. 1), forms tucks or pleats 27 (Fig. 3) at the sides of the collapsing tube. From the pulling rolls P (Fig. 1) the collapsed and pleated tubing is fed to and wound on a roll 28 upon the shaft 29 of a winding machine. The pleating device G includes lower and upper flat shaping members 30, 31 spaced apart in converging relationship by pairs of upper and lower tapering wedge members 32, 33 (Figs. 2, 3 and 4), corresponding points of the inner surfaces 32a, 33a of which are equidistant from the axis of the tubing. The surfaces may be parallel, as shown in Fig. 3, or may converge or diverge to accommodate the flattened tubing. Interposed between each pair of side wedges 32 is an inwardly projecting blade 35 having rounded inner edges 35a and slotted openings (not shown) through which extend bolt and nut fasteners 34 for adjustably securing together the members 30, 31, wedges 32, 33 and blades 35 so that the edges 35a converge at the required angle to deepen the pleats 27 in the tubing as the latter is collapsed during its passage through the device G. The internal spreader member S (Fig. 3) includes a pair of arms 37, 38 pivoted to a cross member 39 and resiliently tensioned towards one another by a spring 40 so that the downstream ends of the arms resiliently press the tubing into engagement with the pleating blades 35 (Figs. 3 and 4). The arms 37, 38 are provided with grooves 41, 42 (Fig. 4) which receive the blades 35 and the portion of the tubing which overlies each blade. The upstream ends of the arms 37, 38 are anchored by means of a cable 43 (Figs. 1 and 3) to the die. The tension created in the cable by the frictional pull of the tubing in the spreader arms and the pressure exerted by the spring 40 serves to force the portion of the tubing underlying the grooves 41, 42 over the blades 35 and thus establishes and maintains the pleats in the tubing. The downstream ends of the arms 37, 38 may be provided with pivotally attached grooved shoes which co-operate with the blades 35. Alternatively these ends of the arms may be provided with grooved rotatable rollers which may be supported on shoes pivotally secured to the arms. The apparatus is suitable for making tubing having stiffer and thicker walls than normal. Specifications 664,412 and 670,707 are referred to.