NANOGAP TRANSDUCERS WITH SELECTIVE SURFACE IMMOBILIZATION SITES

摘要

Embodiments of the invention provide transducers capable of functioning as electronic sensors and redox cycling sensors. Transducers comprise two electrodes separated by a nanogap. Molecular binding regions proximate to and within the nanogap are provided. Methods of fabricating nanogap transducers and arrays of nanogap transducers are also provided. Arrays of individually addressable nanogap transducers can be disposed on integrated circuit chips and operably coupled to the integrated circuit chip.